Archive #49: Journey to the West (西游记): A 60-Volume Lianhuanhua Comic

I recently archived a seven-volume lianhuanhua comic about Sun Wukong battling the famous Eighteen Arhats. Upon learning this, a follower on Twitter asked me if I could locate scans of a 60-volume set that they read when they were younger. Luckily, I found a website selling them for super cheap.

I am archiving the set here in order to document modern day perceptions and depictions of JTTW and its characters.

1. Info

  • Title – Journey to the West (西游记)
    • Adaptation – Zhang Yuzhi (张玉枝)
    • Illustrations – Yan Dong (严东)
    • Editor-in-charge – Chang Shengli (常胜利)
  • Publisher – China Lianhuanhua Publishing House and Distribution (中国连环画出版社出版发行)
  • First edition – November 1997
  • ISBN 7-5061-0827-5

The volume 60 cover reading, “Meeting the Buddhist Patriarch at Spirit Mountain” (Lingshan jian Fozu, 灵山见佛祖) (larger version).

1.1. Reprint

This set is the first of at least two prints, the other coming out in 2008 (ISBN: 7801388461, 9787801388469). See, for example, this Ebay listing (screenshot).

The 2008 boxed set (larger version).

2. Download link:

This is for the 1997 version only.

The comics can be read on Google Drive or downloaded and read on Adobe. However, I’ve had problems reading them on Chrome. Please keep this in mind. It might just be a problem on my end.

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1JcS65ckxWZQh462mlqwj5OOzNl4JJAQ7?usp=sharing

Archive #48: The Eighteen Arhats Battle Wukong (十八罗汉斗悟空): A 7-Volume Lianhuanhua Comic

Last updated: 02-28-2025

I was contacted late last year by reader Adelar Eleramo (their JTTW group) looking for more information about a story called The Eighteen Arhats Battle (Sun) Wukong (Shiba luohan dou Wukong, 十八罗汉斗悟空/十八羅漢鬥悟空). A cursory searched turned up this Baidu article, which explained that both a 1982 Chinese opera and a six-volume 1989 lianhuanhua share this title. The respective stories differ, but both draw upon Journey to the West (Xiyouji西遊記, 1592) for inspiration. Regarding the comic, Baidu explains:

[It] tells the story of how the fully enlightened Sun Wukong goes out of his way to stir up trouble with the Eighteen Arhats because he cannot stand the way people celebrate and venerate them. He later reunites with Zhu Bajie to face the Buddhist saints in a battle of wits, courage, and magic, until the two groups finally reconcile.

漫画《十八罗汉斗悟空》描述讲述了修成正果的孙悟空因为看不惯十八罗汉声名显赫受人膜拜而刻意挑起事端,后联合猪八戒一起与十八罗汉斗智斗勇斗法,直至最后心悦诚服地言归于好。

Adelar was kind enough to send me an archive of a seven-volume 2011 adaptation of the original.

I am archiving it here in order to document modern day perceptions and depictions of JTTW and its characters.

1. Info

  • Title – The Eighteen Arhats Battle Wukong (十八罗汉斗悟空)
    • Original – He Hanqiu (何汉秋)
    • Adaptation – Jin Dan (金丹)
    • Editor-in-charge – Rao Zhongwei (饶忠伟)
    • Cover illustrations – Hong Zhe (洪哲), Zhang Zhiwen (张志文), and Dai Rui (戴锐)
    • Illustrations – Dai Rui (戴锐)
    • Planning – Yuhai Cultural Propagation Company (義海文化传播公司)
  • Publisher – Helongjiang Fine Arts Publishing House (黑龙江美术出版社)
  • First edition – August 2011
  • ISBN 978-7-5318-2967-6

Sun battles an Arhat (larger version).

2. Download links

The files are quite large, so I am providing two different download options.

2.1. WordPress

These are slow to load, but you can read them online without needing to first download.

Vol. 1https://journeytothewestresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/01大战棋盘阵.戴锐.黑龙江美术出版社.2011.pdf

Vol. 2https://journeytothewestresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/02青山龙虎斗.戴锐.黑龙江美术出版社.2011.pdf

Vol. 3https://journeytothewestresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/03-两请猪八戒.戴锐.黑龙江美术出版社.2011.pdf

Vol. 4https://journeytothewestresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/04围陷流沙河.戴锐.黑龙江美术出版社.2011.pdf

Vol. 5https://journeytothewestresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/05火焚罗汉庙.戴锐.黑龙江美术出版社.2011.pdf

Vol. 6https://journeytothewestresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/06威震十八湾.戴锐.黑龙江美术出版社.2011.pdf

Vol. 7https://journeytothewestresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/07悟空心归正.戴锐.黑龙江美术出版社.2011.pdf

2.2. Google Drive

Google cannot provide an online preview, so you’ll, unfortunately, have to download these to read.

Vol. 1https://drive.google.com/file/d/1G8-KH5M4zCUhHYxRIs_yXeLBhPkqbND4/view?usp=sharing

Vol. 2https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uSPTLofaWglWcayxuDTGWdyxUUijlhbW/view?usp=drive_link

Vol. 3https://drive.google.com/file/d/12ybtR750U3h8lqErSdN2iw5V_x88dkem/view?usp=sharing

Vol. 4https://drive.google.com/file/d/1beRZw_Lx08l3HRv4mW7yh1JAsYUeENdj/view?usp=drive_link

Vol. 5https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PRWW-g9mWb9uS9hi6Wje7qu2eUywFKls/view?usp=sharing

Vol. 6https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Fby7yK_CwOeO5TpwJeiZA4IV2DuFKZ3b/view?usp=sharing

Vol. 7https://drive.google.com/file/d/1khp9Rj2VYUBH4V4EkvgjzWTuzqZg5sx3/view?usp=sharing


Update: 02-28-25

I have uploaded another lianhuanhua comic.

Archive #49: Journey to the West (西游记): A 60-Volume Lianhuanhua Comic

Archive #47: The Newly Annotated Journey to the West With Illustrations (Xinshuo Xiyouji (tuxiang), 1749/1888)

I. Original Text

The Newly Annotated Journey to the West (Xinshuo Xiyouji, 新說西遊記, 1749) by Zhang Shushen (張書紳) is one of three popular editions of JTTW that circulated during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and overshadowed the original. [1] It contains a running commentary dispersed throughout the pilgrims’ many adventures. Anthony C. Yu (Wu & Yu, 2012) describes Zhang’s work as having a Confucian bias:

In his unabridged hundred-chapter Xinshuo Xiyouji (The Journey to the West, Newly Interpreted) of 1749, Zhang Shushen declared in the section entitled “Xiyouji zongpi 西游記總批 (Overall Comments on The Journey to the West)” that “the book Xiyou has been designated by the ancients as a book meant to illuminate the Dao [a pointed dig at the 1662 edition titled Xiyou zhengdao shu, with the Daoist-leaning preface attributed to Yu Ji … ], by which it originally means the Dao of the sages, the worthies, and the Confucians (儒 Ru). To consider it an illumination of the Dao of immortals and Buddhism would be a mistake, indeed.” From a point of view clearly unsympathetic to the popular movement of Three-Religions-Joining-As-One (sanjiao heyi 三教合一, a possibly millennium-old notion … ), Zhang defended the story of the quest for Buddhist scriptures as an allegory of the classic Confucian doctrines on the illustration of virtue (mingde 明德) and the rectification of the mind (zhengxin 正心), ignoring the repeated and complex elaborations of zhengxin in Chan Buddhism also for at least a thousand years prior to his time (vol. 1, pp. 51-52).

I’ve decided to archive a scanned copy of this work for posterity.

A digital version of the text (interspersed with other commentaries) can be found here.

Book link

Click to access Journey-to-the-West-Newly-Annotated-by-Zhang-Shushen-Xinshuo-Xiyouji-compressed.pdf

II. Text With Illustrations

I’ve previously archived illustrated versions of JTTW, including the original 1592 edition, (images from) Li Zhuowu’s late-16th-century critique, and a circa 1835 Japanese translation. Here, I’d like to add another, the Newly Annotated Journey to the West With Illustrations (Xinshuo Xiyouji tuxiang, 新說西遊記圖像, 1888). The original text and commentary are the same, but this edition features a preface by Wang Tao (王韜), as well as over 100 woodblock prints.

The prints in the archived book below are admittedly a little fuzzy. This webpage has somewhat clearer versions.

Book link

Click to access Journey-to-the-West-Newly-Annotated-With-Illustrations-1888-compressed.pdf

Prints of Zhu Bajie and Sun Wukong from the opening illustrations (larger version).

Note:

1) The Qing versions are noted for having shoehorned Tripitaka‘s life story (chapter nine) into the original 100 chapters of the 1592 edition.

Journey to the West Fanfiction Writer Spotlight #1: DarkscytheDrake

From time to time I like to post a fun blog not directly related to (though sometimes informed by) my research. Regular articles will resume after this entry.

Anyone who follows me on social media will know that I generally do not like modern adaptations of Journey to the West (Xiyouji西遊記, 1592; “JTTW” hereafter) (see here and here, for example). But thanks to enjoying this book, I’ve learned to temper my negativity. I’ve, therefore, decided to mirror the format of a series of past art-based posts [1] and shine a spotlight on the author of a JTTW-related fanfiction that I actually like. My hope is that such posts will expose their work to a wider audience interested in JTTW, while also documenting modern day perceptions and depictions of the novel and its characters.

Our first writer goes by the online handle DarkscytheDrake (AO3, Fanfiction.net, Spacebattles). They were kind enough to answer some interview questions, as well as allow permission to display some of their work.

Table of Contents

I. Q & A

1) Can you tell me a little about yourself?

I’m 24 years old and live in the Middle East. I’m a huge fan of mythologies and old stories. I dabble in many aspects of the art world, and writing has been a hobby of mine since high school. Since I was a kid my dad used to bring me books from abroad to read. I’ve travelled the world thanks to my parents’ business trips and was exposed to many cultures and stories, which made me fall in love with them even more.

2) Are you self-taught or have you taken writing classes?

I’m self-taught, using the example of others. By the time I seriously thought about writing, there weren’t any writing workshops in my area, at least ones that didn’t focus on the genres I wanted to write in. English is my second native language and most books I read are in English.

3) What are your main sources of literary inspiration?

My main inspirations are the Inheritance Cycle, Shogun (book and TV show), The Hobbit (book and movies), and Bone. Manga like Fullmetal Alchemist have also taught me a lot about storytelling and character arcs.

4) How did you learn about JTTW?

I first became fully aware of Journey to the West proper, meaning not expys like Dragon Ball, when I visited China for the first time. I saw a lot of ads and costumes for the Monkey King, and I asked our guide who this character was. I did some research to get acquainted with the story and main players, and I left it alone until Black Myth: Wukong was announced, which revitalized my interest and prompted me to purchase an abridged version of the book, Monkey King. I read the Anthony C. Yu translation online. From there, I also watched some of his spin-off works like Lego Monkie Kid.

5) Who is your favorite character?

Sun Wukong is my favorite character, and while half of that does come from the sheer insanity of his powers and adventures, the other half comes from how much he learns in the journey, and the family he finds within his companions. His moments of innocence, like when he plays in the snow or his more vulnerable moments like in the White Bone Spirit arc. Princess Iron Fan has got to be my second favorite, though. She takes a lot of shit from her husband, suffered the imprisonment of her son and had to deal with Wukong’s antics, but ultimately remains a decent person and one of the few demons on the journey who isn’t wicked or wants to eat Tripitaka.

6) Do you have a favorite episode from the novel?

My favorite episode would have to be the fight against Demon Bull King, because of how personal it is to Wukong and the sheer scale of the fights that ensue there, like Wukong and DBK transforming into their giant forms and duking it out. Really, all of the Demon Bull family’s episodes (Iron Fan and Red Boy) are the best.

7) Does the novel have a special meaning to you?

I’m honestly surprised by the sheer depth the novel has for its age. There’s a lot of worldbuilding there which is on par with Tolkien‘s work, and those who grew up in Asian culture are aware of its deeper meanings, so it transcends ‘modern’ worldbuilders in that sense. And when I see just how influential the novel is and how it led to one of the greatest anime of all time…I’m humbled.

My current JTTW project is a fanfiction story called “Great Sage, Equal to Heaven and Above Brockton” (AO3, Fanfiction.net, Spacebattles), and it’s a crossover with the webnovel Worm by Wildbow. The world of Worm is filled with superpowered humans called ‘capes’ (fig. 1), but unlike DC and Marvel, many capes use their powers for crime. There are heroes who battle these villains of course, but matters aren’t as clear-cut as they appear. On top of that, giant monsters attack cities every few months and cause untold damage. The main premise of my story is that an untold amount of time after the journey, Sun Wukong wakes up in Worm‘s main setting of Brockton Bay, a coastal city [north of Boston, MA, USA] with a lot of capes, nazis, Asian gangsters and heroes. From there he investigates the modern era, having fun and tries to find out what’s going on with these strange superpowered humans. It’s a classic premise of ‘OP character gets dropped into a lower-ranked world’, but it’s also a study of how a character who found a home suddenly gets dropped into a new one, and how power doesn’t always solve problems. And if it does, what are the potential consequences?

[Jim here: As of this writing, chapters one to 11 are available for free online, but chapters 12 to 13 (and a ch. 14 preview) are still only available on patreon.]

Fig. 1 – Cover for a fake Worm comic book featuring the original story’s main character, who makes an appearance in the Great Sage story (larger version). Illustration by @codetrillogy on Twitter. Used with permission.

II. Writing Sample

The following excerpt comes from an event in chapter six. After befriending a young boy, Sun Wukong jumps in to save his sister from gangsters attempting to take her in lieu of a missed “protection money” payment:

The Monkey King spun around and his tail whacked the knife away. The thug cursed and loosened his guard, prompting Wukong to spin again and this time, his tail wrapped around the girl’s waist and pulled her away, sending her into her mother’s arms. The thug sharply turned to him and reached into his jacket, but Wukong pulled out his staff from his ear and threw it at the thug. The hair-sized weapon expanded into its usual height and struck the thug head-on, sending him tumbling into the car. The machine then rumbled and Wukong spotted a face in the window. Not wasting any time, he dashed to the curb, picked up his staff, and made it shoot through the car’s inside and out its door, ripping a hole. Gripping the staff with two hands, he lifted it and with it, the vehicle and its two passengers, right before he slammed them back down to the earth. The street cracked beneath the force of the blow and metal flew out of the car to the side. Not stopping for a moment, Wukong retracted his staff and walked to the broken vehicle. He ripped open the front door and tossed the driver out, sending him tumbling.

He then went to the big door and picked up the leader – who was thoroughly battered and bruised – by the hem of his jacket.

“Too bad,” he mock-lamented. “Had you accepted my offer, your karma might have turned.”

He turned to look at the streets, where people began walking out of the nearby buildings, looking stupefied and mortified in equal measure. Whispers and mutterings began to fill the air as more people took out their phones and held them high. As he looked, he spotted a metal cylinder with an open top a few steps away. Upon reading the words on its side, he perked up and hummed.

“You need time to reflect on your actions, and I know just where to put you,” he said to the leader, who was unable to respond with anything more than slurring. He walked up to the cylinder, lifted the man high and dunked him headfirst into it.

He took a step back to admire his work and dusted his hands. “Much better! At least these mortals attempt to clean up after themselves.”

With that done, he turned to the family, who were now whole and hugging each other for dear life. He approached them as he twirled his staff and they quickly took notice.

“You were so cool!” exclaimed Thao,* running up to him and bouncing in place. “You just jumped and BAM! And then you went WHOOSH! And then you did it like in Street Fighter and -”

Wukong laughed heartily and patted the boy on the head. “I am pleased to know you admired my actions. It was the least I could do for providing me with such an entertaining game!”

Thao kept running around him and proclaiming his admiration. Wukong kept smiling, then he turned to the two ladies he had rescued. He approached them with measured steps, startling the two from their embrace. The mother looked at him with teary eyes and he saw her tense, strengthening the hold on her daughter.

“Thank you,” she whispered. “Thank you so much. It was just one payment. They were going to take my little girl away to those -”

“It was no trouble; I could hardly stand back and watch such tragedy happen,” he replied, waving his hand in reassurance. He then looked at the little girl and got down on one knee. “You must be Mei.** Are you alright?” he asked gently.

Mei nodded and sniffed. Looking closer, she appeared older than Thao, with a green-white shirt and two small pigtails in her hair. He slowly reached for her face and paused when he saw the mother tense. She then nodded, and he carefully rubbed her neck, where the thug’s knife was placed.

“She is unharmed, do not worry,” he said to the mother. He looked at Mei again and traced her cheek with his knuckle. “You are a strong one, Mei. You did not shed tears before that villain. Take pride in your strength and the love of your family.”

She nodded and whispered thanks to him. Thao came from behind him and latched onto his sister in a tight embrace, which she quickly returned just as strongly.

He stepped back and slammed his staff on the ground, drawing the attention of everyone on the street. “Hear me now!” he proclaimed with a mighty voice, looking around him. “Any who lay their hands upon children in this land will suffer the same consequences as these ruffians!” He gestured to the broken car and strewn bodies. “They claim to be led by a dragon,*** and to this I say: I do not fear him! I have faced his ilk before and will gladly do so again! If he wishes to fight, then he need only ask, and Old Sun will gladly show him his place!”

* The boy’s name.
** The boy’s sister.
*** The name of a local gang leader. Monkey comically believes he is a literal dragon.

Note:

1) As of this writing, I’ve made three such art posts here, here, and here.

Story Idea: Sun Wukong vs Juggernaut

From time to time I like to post a fun blog not directly related to (though sometimes informed by) my research. Regular articles will resume later.

Note: This is not about power scaling.

I’ve previously written about the Monkey King‘s greatest feat of strength, supporting two cosmic mountains on his shoulders while running, and I’ve also discussed two comic book iterations of the character, Marvel’s Sun Wukong and DC’s Monkey Prince (here and here). Combining these two subjects raises the question: how well would our hero do in a fight against modern comic book characters famed for their strength? I’m, unfortunately, not as knowledgeable about comics as I used to be, so I can’t conclusively answer the question. But what I can do is propose an ideal opponent and a scenario in which they might meet.

Table of Contents

1. Background

In Journey to the West (Xiyouji西遊記, 1592) chapter 59, Princess Iron Fan uses her magic weapon to blast Sun Wukong into the heavens (Wu & Yu, 2012, vol. 3, p. 126). The book provides two conflicting figures as to its effective range, stating that the fan can blow a target a total of 84,000 li (bawan siqian li, 八萬四千里; 26,097.59 mi/42,000 km) or 108,000 li (shiwan baqian li, 十萬八千里; 33,554 mi/54,000 km) (based on Wu & Yu, 2012, vol. 3, pp. 127-128 and 148). To combat this weapon, the Bodhisattva Lingji (Lingji pusa, 靈吉菩薩) offers our hero a magical Buddha treasure:

Lingju said, “In years past when I received the instructions from Tathagata, [1] I was given a Flying-Dragon Staff and a Wind-Arresting Elixir [Dingfeng dan, 定風丹; fig. 1]. [2] The staff was used to subdue the wind demon [from ch. 21], but the elixir has never been used. I’ll give it to you now, and you can be certain that that fan will not be able to move you (Wu & Yu, 2012, vol. 3, p. 128).

靈吉道:「我當年受如來教旨,賜我一粒定風丹、一柄飛龍杖。飛龍杖已降了風魔。這定風丹尚未曾見用,如今送了大聖,管教那廝搧你不動 … 」

Lingji then sews it into his robe collar, and the next time that he faces Princess Iron Fan, her weapon has no effect on him (Wu & Yu, 2012, vol. 3, pp. 128-129).

Fig. 1 – The Great Sage receives the Wind-Arresting Elixir (larger version). Image found here. I believe this comes from the circa 1999/2000 Monkey King cartoon.

But Sun accidentally swallows the treasure at some point, and it causes a physical change in his body. Chapter 61 reads:

He [the Bull Demon King] did not know, however, that when the Great Sage changed previously into a tiny mole cricket to enter the stomach of Raksasi [in ch. 59], [3] he still had in his mouth that Wind-Arresting Elixir, which he swallowed unwittingly. All his viscera had become firm; his skin and bones were wholly fortified (emphasis added). No matter how hard the Bull King fanned at him, he could not be moved (Wu & Yu, 2012, vol. 3, p. 149).

不知那大聖先前變蟭蟟蟲入羅剎女腹中之時,將定風丹噙在口裡,不覺的嚥下肚裡,所以五臟皆牢,皮骨皆固,憑他怎麼搧,再也搧他不動。

Let me reiterate: the elixir makes the Great Sage’s organs lao (牢), or “solid” or “firm,” like a prison (dictionary), and it also makes his skin and bones gu (固), or “solid” or “firm” like a four-sided structure (dictionary). Therefore, the pill essentially fortifies his body to the point of becoming an immovable object, even in the face of divine wind capable of blasting a celestial tens of thousands of miles or kilometers away. This makes him a perfect component of the Irresistible Force Paradox. This power is forgotten in subsequent chapters—a consequence of the novel’s origin as a collection of piecemeal stories—but this would be an interesting element to explore in fanfiction.

2. A Good Opponent

The other half of the paradox could be filled by the Juggernaut (Ch: Hong tanke, 紅坦克, or “Red Tank”), a.k.a. Cain Marko (Ch: Kaiyin Make, 凱因·馬可) (fig. 2), a Marvel villain created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and first introduced in 1965. He was previously the human step-brother of the powerful mutant telepath Charles Xavier, but after finding a magic gem inside an ancient temple, he became the avatar of the extradimensional deity Cyttorak and was empowered with great physical strength, durability, and immortality. He is often portrayed as unstoppable when in motion. For example, in Uncanny X-Men #183, the Wolverine describes him as “the closest thing on Earth to an irresistible force” (Claremont, 1984, p. 19).

Fig. 2 – The Juggernaut advances on the viewer (larger version). Image found here.

2.1. Similarities

Both Sun and the Juggernaut are:

  1. Fierce
  2. Super strong
  3. Super durable
  4. Immortal
  5. Empowered by divine beings, Buddha and Cyttorak, respectively (see here for cited examples of all of Monkey’s powers and skills)

The only difference between them—beyond size and origins—is that the powers under discussion are polar opposites, making one an immovable object and the other an unstoppable force. So, what do you think would happen if they ever came to blows?

3. Scenario

The only way I can think of that the Great Sage and Juggernaut could meet would involve borrowing story elements from the “Fear Itself” cross-over event in which both characters make appearances. In Iron Man 2.0 #5-7, Marvel’s Sun Wukong is introduced as a divinely empowered crime boss who’s released from hell when one of the magic hammers of Serpent, the Asgardian god of fear and the deposed brother of Odin, punches through Beijing, China and opens the dimensional barrier separating the underworld from earth. He attempts to lift the enchanted weapon on his way out but fails since he’s not the fated owner (figs. 3a,b,c & 4) (Spencer, 2011a; 2011b; 2011c). In Fear Itself #2, another hammer impacts Juggernaut’s island prison (on New York’s East River), and upon touching it, he becomes Serpent’s new warrior, “Kuurth, Breaker of Stone” (figs. 5a,b,c) (Fraction, 2011). Now, for the purposes of our story, instead of the weapon breaking into hell, imagine that it opens a rift to the Buddho-Daoist cosmos of Journey to the West during the quest to India. This would allow a novel accurate Monkey King (fig. 6) to eventually battle Juggernaut, as well as meet modern day superheroes. This change would, of course, require widescale alterations to the rest of the “Fear Itself” storyline. [4] I’m open to suggestions.

How the battle goes would depend on the writer. I’m biased, so I would naturally root for Sun Wukong.

Fig. 3(a) – After beating up some demonic thugs, Sun Wukong sees the hammer falling (here); (b) it makes impact (here); and (c) he first touches it (here) (Spencer, 2011a). Fig. 4 – He fails to lift the enchanted weapon (larger version) (Spencer, 2011b). Fig. 5(a) – A separate hammer impacts the Juggernaut’s prison (here); (b) he first touches it (here); and (c) he is transformed into Serpent’s new warrior (here) (Fraction, 2011). Copyright Marvel comics. Fig. 6 – A nearly novel accurate Monkey King (larger version). A photomanipulation by me.

Notes:

1) This refers to the Buddha’s previous instructions to defeat “Great King Yellow Wind” (Huangfeng dawang, 黃風大王), a demon with a mastery of powerful, divine wind (Wu & Yu, 2012, vol. 1, pp. 413 and 419).

2) Lingji twice reveals (ch. 21 and 59) that the Wind-Arresting Elixir (Dingfeng dan, 定風丹) is a treasure bestowed by the Buddha (Wu & Yu, 2012, vol. 1, p. 419; vol. 3, p. 128). Yu (Wu & Yu, 2012) translates this magic pill as the “wind-stopping pearl” in chapter 21 (vol. 1, p. 419). And It’s interesting to note that a “wind-stopping pearl” (dingfeng zhu, 定風珠) is said to be one of many heavenly jewels decorating Tripitaka’s cassock in chapter 12 (Wu & Yu, 2012, vol. 1, p. 282).

3) This refers to Monkey’s plan to procure the magic fan by beating up Princess Iron Fan from inside her stomach (Wu & Yu, 2012, vol. 3, p. 129).

4) The changes to the comic book storyline wouldn’t affect the original novel. Monkey would eventually return to his universe and continue the journey to India.

Sources:

Claremont, C. (1984, July). Uncanny X-Men (Vol. 1, No. 183 [Comic book]. New York, YK: Marvel. Retrieved from https://readallcomics.com/uncanny-x-men-v1-183/

Fraction, M. (2011). Fear Itself (No. 2) [Comic book]. New York, NY: Marvel. Retrieved from https://readallcomics.com/fear-itself-002-2011/

Spencer, N. (2011a). Iron Man 2.0 (No. 5) [Comic book]. New York, NY: Marvel Comics. Retrieved from https://readallcomics.com/iron-man-2-0-05/

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