Archive #52 – PDFs of the Three Kingdoms Foreign Language Press English Translation (Vols. 1-4)

Note: My blog is not monetized, so I am not making any money from this post. My hope is that the PDF will make this legendary story more accessible to a wider audience. If you enjoyed the digital version, please, please, please support the official release.

Last updated: 04-06-2026

Here I present a PDF of the Foreign Language Press four-volume boxed set of Three Kingdoms (Sanguo yanyi, 三國演義; lit: “Romance of the Three Kingdoms”; fig. 1) translated by Dr. Moss Roberts. Credited to Luo Guanzhong, this 14th-century Chinese military romance follows the rise to power and careers of sworn brothers Liu Bei/Xuande (劉備/玄德), Guan Yu (關羽), and Zhang Fei (張飛) amid the turmoil of the falling Han Dynasty (202 BCE–9 CE, 25–220 CE) and the rising Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE). The tale contains an astounding 1,000 characters, some historical and some fictional. They range from scheming eunuchs and corrupt government officials to powerful warriors and competing warlords vying for power. 

I’m archiving this book because it has influenced certain aspects of JTTW. For example, while searching the Southern Jambudvipa Continent (China) for a divine master in JTTW chapter one, Sun Wukong is drawn to a woodcutter because he sings a song full of Daoist imagery taught to him by an immortal. The woodcutter subsequently directs Monkey to the abode of a Buddho-Daoist sage. This was likely influenced by the similar way in which Liu Bei comes to find the Daoist strategist Zhuge Liang (諸葛亮) in Three Kingdoms chapter 37. My thanks to Irwen Wong over at the Journey to the West Library blog for bringing this to my attention. He plans to write an article listing at least ten JTTW concepts drawn from Three Kingdoms. I’ll link it here when published online.

This PDF will complement the translations that I’ve previously archived. These include the Journey to the West (Xiyouji, 西遊記, 1592) story cycle (here and here), the four-volume 2000 Library of Chinese Classics Chinese-English bilingual edition of Creation of the Gods (Fengshen yanyi封神演義, c. 1620 CE), and a fan translation of Journey to the South (Nanyouji南遊記, c. 1570s-1580s).

Archive Link:

Click to access Romance-of-the-Three-Kingdoms-Trans.-Moss-Roberts.pdf

Fig. 1 – The four covers of the boxed set edition (larger version). Image found here.


Update: 04-06-26

I have archived a translation of the 100-chapter Foreign Language Press four-volume boxed set of Outlaws of the Marsh (a.k.a. Water MarginShuihu zhuan, 水滸傳, c. 1400).

Archive #53 – PDFs of Outlaws of the Marsh (a.k.a. Water Margin) Foreign Language Press English Translation (Vols. 1-4)

Citation:

Luo, G. & Roberts, M. (2001). Three Kingdoms (Vols. 1-4). Beijing: Foreign Language Press. (Original work published 1995)

Taiwanese Religious Humor: The Epidemic Prevention Conference

From time to time I like to post a fun blog not directly related to (though sometimes informed by) my research. Past examples can be seen here, here, and here. Regular articles will resume after this entry.

“The Epidemic Prevention Conference” (Fangyi dahui, 防疫大會) is a humorous COVID-19-related short story that has been circulating in Taiwan. It gets longer and longer as people add new details. I wanted to share it because it mentions many figures from Journey to the West (Xiyouji西遊記, 1592), including Xuanzang and Sun Wukong. I’ve added notes at the bottom to explain the cultural context of particular statements.

I. English Translation

The Anti-Epidemic Conference was held in the celestial court. The Jade Emperor was worried when he discovered many seats were vacant, and so he asked the gods:

Jade Emperor: “Why don’t I see the ‘Thousand-Armed’ Guanyin Bodhisattva?”

The gods answered: “She is still washing her hands!”

thousand_armed_avalokitesvara_-_guanyin_nunnery_-_2

Jade Emperor asked again: “Why didn’t Brahma, the Four-Faced Buddha, come?”

The gods replied: The government only gave him three masks for the week, so he is short one and can’t come.” [1]

brahma_the_four-faced_buddha

Jade Emperor asked again: “Why didn’t Bhaisajyaguru, the Medicine Buddha, come?”

The gods answered: “The Medicine Buddha is selling masks.”

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Jade Emperor asked again: “What about the Eight Immortals?”

The gods replied: “Because they returned from overseas and had to be quarantined at home.” [2]

eight_immortals_crossing_the_sea_-_project_gutenberg_etext_15250

Jade Emperor asked again: “What about Sage Emperor Guan?”

The gods replied: “His face was flush and he had a fever of more than 37.5 °C (99.5° F). [3] He is isolated at home.”

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Jade Emperor asked again: “Why did Tang Sanzang not come?” [4]

The gods replied: “He has a history of travel and is quarantined at home, so he cannot come.”

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Jade Emperor asked again: “What about King Yama?”

The gods answered: “Because too many people have died. He is still taking roll of their names.”

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Then the Jade Emperor asked again: “Why did Mazu Lin Moniang not come?”

The gods replied: “The DPP government discovered that she is originally from Fujian and thus a foreign national. Now she cannot return, and her pilgrimage festival has been cancelled.”

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“The Plague God did not come because he is busy spreading the plague.

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The God of Wealth didn’t come because he is busy giving financial relief.”

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“Why didn’t the Bodhisattva King Kṣitigarbha come?”

The gods answered: “The death toll is skyrocketing, so there’s no time to come!”

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“Why didn’t Sun Wukong come?”

“Because of contact with the pathogen bat demon. [5] He is in quarantine.”

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“Why didn’t the Earth God come yet?”

The gods replied: “He and King Kṣitigarbha are looking for land with good fengshui, [6] so he has no time to come!

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II. Chinese Original

天庭開防疫大會,玉皇大帝發現有許多空位,關心問眾神。

玉帝問:怎麼沒見到千手觀音?

眾神回答:還在洗手!

玉帝又問: 為何四面佛也沒來?

眾神回答:—周領3個口罩,所以少—個囗罩,不能來。

玉帝又問:為何藥師佛沒來?

眾神回答:藥師在賣口罩

玉帝又問:那八仙呢?

眾神回答:因為從海外回來,要居家隔離。

玉帝又問:那關聖帝君呢?

眾神回答:他臉紅發燒超過37.5度,在家裡自我隔離⋯

玉帝又問: 為何唐三藏也沒來

眾神回答: 他有旅遊史, 被居家檢疫,不能來…

玉帝又問: 閻羅王呢?

眾神回答: 因為死了太多人,他還在點名中…

然後玉帝又問: 為何媽祖林默娘也沒來?

眾神回答: 民進黨政府查出她是福建人,屬外籍人氏,現在不能入境,不能來了,遶境也取消了。

瘟神也沒來,因為忙著散播瘟疫。

財神也沒來,因為忙著紓困呀!

為何地藏王菩薩也沒來? 眾神回答 :死亡人數超飆 無暇前來!

孫悟空為何沒來?因為接觸過病原體蝙蝠妖所以被隔離。

為何土地公也沒來,眾神回答 :地藏王正在和他一起找風水寶地,無暇前來!

Notes:

1) At the time this story first started circulating, the Taiwanese government was providing each citizen with three masks a week. This number has since then increased to nine (at least the last time I picked up mine).

2) This references a famous story in which the Eight Immortals cross a sea using their own magic treasures.

3) Guan Yu is typically portrayed with a deep red face.

4) This obviously references Xuanzang’s quest to India.

5) Genomic sequences suggest COVID-19 originated in bats.

6) Edward White notes on Twitter that this “is a reference to seeking gravesites with good Fengshui.”