Last updated: 01-23-2024 A reader recently asked me why Journey to the West (Xiyouji, 西遊記, 1592; “JTTW” herafter) associates Laozi (老子), a high god of Daoism, with the Tushita Heaven (Doushuai tian, 兜率天). It’s easy to see why this might be confusing, for this is a Buddhist heaven in which bodhisattvas are born prior to their … Continue reading Laozi’s Realm in Journey to the West